The difference between grinding and cutting

Grinding and cutting belong to an important part of machining, but what is the difference between them?
Use different tools
First of all, let's understand the difference between the tools used for grinding and cutting. The tool used for grinding is the "grinding wheel", and the tool used for cutting is the "cutting tool". In terms of function, the abrasive particle in the grinding wheel is equal to the tool tip on the tool, the bond of the grinding wheel is equal to the holder or tool rod holding the tool tip, and the air hole of the grinding wheel is equal to the chip removal space of the tool.
characteristic
Cutting is the technology of moving the relative position of metal and other materials (workpieces) and tools, cutting materials or drilling holes on materials at the same time, so as to make materials into the desired shape. It can be roughly divided into two types: milling with fixed workpiece to be machined and rotating tool, and turning with rotating workpiece.
Compared with grinding, cutting can play the role of high-speed machining when machining soft and easy materials due to the different physical functions of machining. The shape that can be processed is limited in a large range.
Grinding is to use high-speed rotating grinding wheel and other grinding tools to process the workpiece surface. Most of them use grinding wheel, and a few use oilstone, abrasive belt and other grinding tools and free abrasive for processing. It can process the inner and outer cylindrical surfaces of various workpieces and complex forming surfaces such as threads, gears and splines.
Grinding also has the following advantages:
(1) Abrasives are harder than workpieces: mineral abrasives are much harder than metal materials, so they can process very hard materials.
(2) Continuous generation of abrasive particles: when the tool tip is passivated, the tool can only be replaced, and the grinding wheel can automatically generate new abrasive particles after passivation due to its "self sharpening effect".
(3) Fast grinding speed: there are countless tool tips acting at the same time, which can have high processing efficiency even if the feed is small. Different machining angles when machining difficult cutting materials, due to different machining angles, grinding also has advantages
Differences in processing difficult to grind and cut materials
When processing difficult grinding materials, they also have the following different characteristics.
The grinding speed is very high, up to 30m ~ 50m per second; The temperature generated is also high, up to 1000 ° C ~ 1500 ° C. the specific power (or specific energy consumption, i.e. the energy consumed by cutting the material of the workpiece per unit volume) is larger than that of general cutting, and the metal removal rate is smaller than that of general cutting, which can obtain high precision and minimal surface roughness. However, the amount of metal that can be removed by grinding in one travel is very small, so most of the surplus is usually removed by other cutting methods before grinding.
Therefore, in the field of machining, when the requirements for dimensional accuracy and surface roughness are relatively good, and the material hardness and machining difficulty are high, the grinding method will be preferred.
However, machining mainly pursues the balance between speed and quality. There are hundreds of influencing factors, which should not be aimed at individual situations
It is concluded that cutting and grinding have their own advantages and disadvantages. Sheng Yao believes that only by selecting the correct tools, reasonably planning the process and creating suitable environmental conditions can the processing be carried out smoothly and the ideal processing results be obtained.
This article is the original work of Sheng Yao, and the source of reprint must be indicated